I loved Skyrim unmodded. I put in almost 500 hours before adding in anything that changed the core of the game (Frostfall and Realistic Needs were the biggest plus a bunch of graphic mods.) If there were no mods, I probably wouldn't still be playing but that's more due to me having explored all the content than to not enjoying the game--much of what I have in ways of mods is simply new quests and such.
PC sales only account for 14% of the total, though admittedly that doesn't speak for longevity of the console players. Anecdotally, all my friends who've played Skyrim have done so on console without mods and enjoyed it as well.
1) Whore stealth by crouching in the middle of town and leaving the game running overnight. (Bug/Balance Issue)
2) Installing a mod that lets me craft armor. (Modding to provide missing feature)
3) Going to [place] and beating [dungeon] for [specific armor]. (Impractical, given my issue surviving a pack of wolves)
I'm unsure how you ran into this issue. Skyrim has a lot of problems but being blocked from progressing by a tough enemy on the world map has never been one I've ever heard about except for the singular case of the oft-cited frost troll on the 7,000 steps. Playing on the maximum difficulty with self-enforced permadeath common mobs are a little scary but there are many solutions other than what you describe.
- It's open world--if one path is giving you trouble, find another.
- Just run past them. Skyrim AI isn't great (a problem of its own) but you can exploit it to get out of tough situations.
- Approach the situation more tactically. Wolves are literally the second weakest enemy in the game, and hardly require any sort of good armor or weapons to defeat. To say that you need to "mod to provide a missing feature" because you can't beat them is an exaggeration. And with the exception of special named loot, you don't need to beat a specific dungeon to get good armor. The game gives you more than enough to survive at the start during the intro quest.
etc.
Skyrim is far from perfect. It has a lot of issues that could stand to be improved. But it is hardly "unplayable out of the box," and especially not for the reasons you describe.