Schizophrenic is up to you, but it wouldn't be my first choice personally.
As to the list of mechanics... well, wow, it's a really long list of mostly internal AI strategy stuff. I can't remember it all, it's grown over the years. But some general examples:
1. On difficulty 5, the AI on a planet deliberately attacks you where it is stupidest to attack you, so it only wins if it has overwhelming force. On difficulty 7, it attacks you where it can do the most damage, so you either have to be smart about where you put things, or really outnumber the AI yourself.
2. On difficulty 7, the AI starts taking advantage of certain weak spots that it starts noticing in your defenses, whereas before it would not.
3. On difficulty 6 and below, I think the AI actually doesn't batch up its troops as much before attacking you, instead letting them trickle in. That's super less effective. Or the batches are smaller, I can't remember how it is nowadays. Anyway, on difficulty 7+ you wind up with bunches of AI threat lurking behind wormholes until it is ready to attack you with force enough that it thinks it can take you.
4. I believe the AI doesn't retreat below difficulty 7. So if it walks into a slaughter, I think it just gets slaughtered. Can't remember. But anyway, on higher difficulties those guys flee, then lurk and come back later with friends.
5. Various types of guard posts and other AI specialty buildings I think are off on lower difficulties? Can't recall for sure.
Anyway, there's loads of stuff, mainly in terms of "that tactic is way too effective against novices" getting turned off.