#1. The Power multipliers are being applied multiplicatively when they probably should be applied additively.
To expand on the above,
Take the following string of science power bonuses: x1.5, x1.5, x1.5, x1.5, x1.5, x2, x2, x2, x2, x2, x2.5, x2.5, x2.5, x2.5, x2.5
Assuming a starting science power of 2, when you apply the above bonuses multiplicatively, which is I think what TLF is doing, you end up with a final science power of
47,460.9; however, if you applied the above additively you end up with a science power of
32.
I'm not saying that the above is how Power is calculated in TLF, because I don't know, but it looks like something similar is happening. To me a Science Power of 3 vs one of 30 means that the 30 is going to pick up techs broadly ten times faster than the 3, and a Science power of 30,000 vs one of 3 is going to pick up techs 10,000 times faster (but in game terms it probably ends up collecting only one new tech every cycle with all excess power not being carried forward into the next tech).