Changing the teleporters wouldn't work.
One of the reasons for the current teleporter behavior isn't just the spamming of them, but it's also the fact that allowing the player to teleport INTO bullets/enemies is a huge no-no. Would break one of the cardinal rules, really, the bit where nothing undodgeable should exist; if you're teleporting to an offscreen spot, and cant see it and there's something going nuts there, that's undodgeable. The current behavior also gives the player enough time to visually make out what's going on in the new place before things get loopy.
Another solution might be to simply prevent the usage of consumables (and even energy weapons) during the time after teleporting while the shockwave is still going. Makes sense, you already cant fire during that.