IIRC the blast panel is supposed to make it harder to destroy underground buildings. Like, say you want to protect your mines, you just build basement mines with a blast panel on top.
Most of these I'm guessing at:
The Genetic Optimizer cuts down (eliminates?) genetic diseases.
Industrial teleporter extends the ranges at which you can plant resource gatherers. Just keep in mind the range extends just from that building.
Molecular security control should protect against thieves when that is a thing that works.
Monster Pit is for countering or taming the monsters that aren't actually in the game yet. They'll be random enemies that appear based on planet rage.
Remote automated teleporter... like the industrial teleporter, but better? Actually not sure.
Superdeep Borehole is for mining I'm pretty sure.
Panopticon gives Government SP like you would not believe, and also intel on other races. That one I know for sure.