Research is confusing for me.
1) I don't think energy collection and metal generation researches should be in the game at all.
My opinion is that it's a noob trap. A player should learn to not waste ressources.
These researchs tell the player that it's ok to be wasteful.
They take valuable research point away from what the player should unlock: ships & defenses.
They create balance issues, in the sense of what is the "right" amount of metal & energy changes drastically depending on if you unlocked those or not. What could be balanced at energy collection "0" probably won't be at "3".
They create balance issues in the sense of other components (player stations) play the same role. You need more energy ? You have economic stations.
I don't think it's a point of "being balanced properly", as over the years I mostly found these mechanics of resource income upgrade to be "working" (emphasis about quotes) when either they don't exist or that they're cheap enough to be fully upgraded in "no brain mode". I strongly believe in a game design where resource income is predictable (more base, more income).
2) Tech unlock costs.
Ummm. Again. This is AI War. The optimal way to play is going to be to reduce AIP at the minimum. Assuming a default galaxy of 100 planets, with 8 exploration per "liberation", that means that we get a total of about 13 planets under the player control in end game. Which in turn gives the player about 26k tech. Let's say 40k with data nodes and the starting boon of 10k.
Upgrading a (random) ship line to level 4 costs about 3k + 4.5k + 6k + 7.5k => 20k.
In my current game I got about 12 tech upgrade lines to choose from, not to mention about 10 "structure" ones (forcefields, stations...).
As a player, I WANT to play around with more than 2 techs in a game that proposes me with 20 options. At least half.
I wanna plays with my toys !!!
3) Hacking. I'm not exactly sure of how many ARS there is in a game, but basically if I want to hack every single ARS and merc point there is, I got less than 100 points left. Not to mention that I'd like to use said mercs, but they cost hacking points too.
I'm supposing that I should unlock GCA & IGCs... but IMO they cost too much to hack and cost too much to capture (in AIP). As stated above, AI War strongly discourage, via AI progress, and when you get high AI progress, you can't defend efficiently structures that can die. In my experience, they will eventually die.
4) My other issue on this point is that if I do get GCA for more turrets, I don't have the energy to power them. As I didn't buy resource upgrades. They're kind of pointless to me.
Conclusion:
I'm not sure what is to be done there. I feel trapped. In my current game, I explored 83 planets, captured 10, and I still got 10 GCA, 2 battlestations, 8 new fleets not unlocked yet, half a dozen capturables, and 3 factions to investigate... Am I playing too conservatively or something ? Due to having unlocked only 2 techs to level 3 my defenses are barely holding as most of my fleets are "lvl 1 useless", and I got about 123k power left, so not enough to power any kind of defenses if I did capture more turrets. As a result, it takes FOREVER to clean up waves. My AIP is rather high, 180.
I get that we're supposed to make choices, but I feel like I play 10% of the game.