Losing Hope

[Cyborg]

I would suggest playing the tutorial. If you can do that, you should be able to beat the lowest setting. I would also lower the amount of planets for now, turn off most of the flavor options like golems and whatnot, turnoff the AI progress timer, turn off the core shield generator stuff, select the easiest defensive-minded ai, and just enjoy the game at its simplest.

You can get crazy later, but just get your first AI down so you know the rules of the game and then go from there.

[Hearteater]

You also have over a million energy surplus.  Maybe that's because all your ships just got trashed.  But powering down some reactors will help your economy a lot.  There are hotkeys that automatically power down the least efficient reactor, and power up the most efficient.  Just tap the power down key until your energy surplus drops down to around 10-50k and then as you need more energy, just tap the power up key as needed.

These keys may not be bound by default so you may need to go into the keybindings and set something.

[zoutzakje]

hmm, I always have lots of enemy planets bordering my own and I don't run into much trouble. My main rule is to make sure I never put a Mark IV world on alert early or midgame. on higher difficulties this can kill you. I rather take an uninteresting planet that borders low mark enemy worlds only, than take a valuable target that borders a mark IV world. Also always make sure you kill off most of your threat. Don't just do gate raids, neuter the whole planet while you're at it. Takes time yes, but if you don't have any AI progress over time, it shouldn't matter how long you take to beat the game.
Use tractor turrets, gravity turrets and logistics command stations. This way it will take the enemy a lot of time to get anywhere on your systems. placing just 2 or 3 turrets of each different kind on one planet is usually enough. Will take some time to beat any incoming ships yes, but if you go to the controls option at the lower left bottom of your screen to make sure every planet has 1 or 2 remains rebuilder at all times, they will rebuild any turrets that get destroyed while the enemy ships slowly die. I never have to unlock any mark II turrets until near the end game (well, except tractor and gravity turrets then, I use a lot of them).
hope this helps a bit =)