Welcome to the forums, and thanks for your support of the game!
Well, opinions on this actually vary a bit between the hardcore players here. I'm the developer of the game, but some other players have figured out some very effective tactics that are a bit different from how I personally play it. I'll let them tell you about those when they stop by next, but I guess which way you go depends on your personal preferences and playstyle.
My feelings:
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I tend not to be too worried about the AI Progress reaching around 400-600 by the end of an 80 planet map. You can even go higher, but it will get harder. Killing the first of the two AIs will bump it up by around 100, so you might want to position yourself where you can kill both in quick succession if you can. But that's not nearly always possible.
As far as whether you should kill the warp gate on a planet, I would suggest that if the planet is adjacent to your home planet, then the answer is yes 100% of the time. If you can create a layer of buffer around your home planet, that is always worthwhile.
Beyond that, it's just a matter of either 1) capturing some sort of goal; or 2) reducing the number of ingress points through which the AI can to send waves at you.
Goals worthy of taking a planet:
- Advanced Research Stations (100% of the time)
- Advanced Factories (100% of the time unless you already have one)
- Large amounts of metal/crystal (if the planet is defensible, and you need whichever resource)
- Other special capturable structures that you might encounter and desire.
Goals that you should just raid for unless there is some other reason you want the planet:
- Destroying a data center
- Destroying Astro Train stations
- Destroying Special Forces Command Posts
If a planet is just in your way, or threatening you through adjacency, you can always decide to go in and kill all of the command posts but leave the command station and/or warp gate. If there is a long string of planets in your way, you can use transports to ferry your guys across all of them, but you might be setting yourself up for being too weak later on. It's hard to say.
In general, when I play an 80 planet map, I tend to capture a planet around every 45 minutes, give or take. I tend to thus take around 20-30 planets total out of the 80 planets on the map. That is 400-600 AI Progress right there, not counting special forces command posts or astro train station additions (or additions from other sources), and also not counting data center reductions in AI Progress.
I tend to be pretty lax on destroying all the data centers, too, unlike some others here. That would be problematic when playing on the really high difficulties, which I occasionally do, but I tend to prefer a more relaxed game and so tend to play in the difficulty 7 range (it's only "relaxed" if you really know what you are doing, don't worry, and even then it still provides enough challenge that sometimes my own AI surprises me and kills me).
Anyway, so you should be okay at the start, it's not until the cumulative effect of the AI Progress starts taking hold that -- on difficulty 7 and similar -- things start to get dicey. But YMMV, depending on your skill and comfort level at the moment, and also the specific map and AI types you have in this game. Some maps are harder than others, and require a more conservative or aggressive strategy.
Having a string of 5 planets all in a row sounds like the sort of thing that I, personally, would probably take just to have an open supply line. But it depends on the rest of the map and how open it is. If you're going to be going through narrow corridors like that the whole time, then that might be trouble and something you should instead hop over. On the plus side, if those are all that border your home, and you take them all, you've got a helluva lot of buffer between the AI and your home. On the minus side, the attacks will be that much stronger against your front door...
Hope that helps! I'm sure others will weigh in with their opinions, also.