Whilst I do like the idea, the issue you have is infinity and RNGs, by which I mean they would probably have to be abstracted to just being "artifacts", which sort of loses the lustre of finding them, unless you want either a) to pick up the same artifact multiple times or b) the devs to spend an inordinate amount of time creating interesting ones.
That said I'd be surprised if such a system wasn't on the cards already, what else do you do in wastelands than scour them for shiny things